what i'm having trouble understanding is how do the other machines know where to look for that licence server?
This is a quote from the helpdesk page you mentioned:
The licensed computers discover the licensing server using a UDP broadcast
That means your nodes are basically shouting into the network "is anyone there who can give me a license?" - similar case is searching for a DHCP server for example. You just have to ensure that the licensing server can be reached by the nodes, especially when using any firewalls.
Since it is not directly mentioned on the helpdesk page, here is something you might want to check:
In %userprofile%\Appdata\Local\CoronaRenderer\LicensingLog.txt on a node you can see what's happening (or not) when Corona tries to obtain a license. If everything runs properly, it should look like this when using a license server:
2019-10-21 11:44:01 We will try to find a licensing server running on this subnet.
2019-10-21 11:44:01 Found networks adapters: Ethernet, IP: 192.168.x.y;
2019-10-21 11:44:01 Licensing - searching for server
2019-10-21 11:44:01 Broadcast sent successfully from 192.168.x.y
2019-10-21 11:44:01 Trying to receive data discovery answer ... .
2019-10-21 11:44:01 ... found a licensing server at 192.168.x.z.
2019-10-21 11:44:01 Trying to connect to licensing server at 192.168.x.z.
2019-10-21 11:44:02 Licensing server replied with [...]
Good Luck