Romullus - could you open the original scene, make sure sharpening is enabled, save out a TIF from Max VFB, save as CXR, open the CXR in CIE and safe out a TIF and compare then, or even post the results here? If you are unable to reproduce, maybe the issue is elsewhere... who knows.
Tom, I also noticed the different banding... really strange, do you have any clue what might be at work here?
Also, I have exaggerated sharpening in the example scene but I'm seeing the problem on production scenes with only subtle sharpening, too. The more highlights and reflections in the image the worse it gets. I'm attaching two examples with subtle sharpening, the problem is very much visible here.
In any case, the problem might be close to invisible in normal circumstances but I now remember that I had a hard time composing a few projects with AE in 32bits because of this. I'd get problematic alpha cutouts when using plugins or blurring highlights, pixelated artifacts around object, all kinds of headaches.