The issue is still present in the current Corona daily build. The assets are stored in the Asset Browser and were created by us there. As mentioned, the setup worked both locally and with older versions of Corona. However, with newer versions, it no longer works over the Team Renderer, only locally. So far, we've only encountered this issue with this specific material, though it’s possible that other materials could also cause problems when using Team Renderer.
There seems to be some issue with the native Corona Bitmap Shader, the Asset Browser, and the Team Renderer. This combination appears to be causing the problem, as it works locally but fails when using the Team Renderer with newer Corona versions.
The issue does not occur with the C4D Bitmap Shader, but we almost always use the Corona Bitmap Shader. It seems that the problem arises specifically when using the Corona Bitmap Shader in combination with the Asset Browser and Team Renderer.