I had to read your post 5 times until I understood what you want.
You're asking on how to build spherical and .hdr file from regular flat] single .raw photography.
Short answer: No.
Long answer: You can 'sort of' of possible re-save your .raw photo into .exr/.hdr because it has some dynamic range, depending on your camera sensor (NikonD800/Sony 7a have quite a lot stops, others...not so much).
It would hardly provide lighting information until the photo portrayed very diffuse/overcast lighting, but it could provide reflection.
You could then possibly map your photo to cylinder to get semi-panoramic probe out of it.
There were few white papers on Siggraph and some semi-build prototypes of applications that can composite 3D into 2D regular (tonemapped) photography using some self-aware algorithm. I don't remember the name, but you might be able to find it.