If your light sources are large (like windows) then caustics will not converge that slow. Try to set Max sample intensity to about 20, enable shadows in your glass material, and render close up of the chair shadow. I think the shadow will not be opaque, but will converge fast ;) The extreme clamping scenario usually happens only in cases with very small and bright light sources in a very dark environments ;)
Max. sample intensity (MSI from now on) does not make shadows opaque, or disable caustics. It just throws away samples that are significantly different than the average of samples taken from the given point. So if you have very large light, like window, where it will be very easy to calculate caustics even using regular path tracing, then not many samples will have significantly different value than the rest, so not much data will by thrown away and you should get transparent shadows with soft caustics. ;)