The "prevent black appearance" doesn't work in refraction at the moment, unfortunately, a known issue. The directionality means that no light from the light source actually reaches the camera, so this is physically realistic (just like if being viewed directly), but often not what people expect, which is why the "Prevent black appearance" was introduced - but as noted, it doesn't work in reflectiion or refraction.
The solution for now would be to create two objects - the light source that emits light, but is made invisible to the camera; and a light source that will be visible to the camera but doesn't emit light (e.g. geometry with CoronaLightMtl with Emit Light unchecked).