Ok! Back at work again.
I've checked the scene and tried to find the 'bad guy' within the group of plants, but it seems like there is none.
Sometimes it seems like I found the one object that causes the crash, but if I try a different variation of plants without the bad one, it still crashes sometimes. And if I re-add the bad one to a smaller amount of different plants it works fine again.
One thing I totally forgot to mention was the fact that I also tried to work with Edge Trimming - especially in that specific part of the scene it really helps because the plants should be a little bit bigger. For me it looks like removing all the Edge Trimming from the Opacity slots instantly solves the problem. After that I tried to remove all Edge Trimming from the Opacity slot and use a default Alpha Map to check if it happens because there is simply too much Opacity stuff happening if rendered that close, but the crash doesn't happen again. Looks like it has something to do with the Edge Trimming.
Next few steps included to find out, if there is a specific plant that causes the crash and it looks like that Majoran is causing troubles if it has Edge Trimming enabled AND is used combined with other plants. Solo Majoran plant with enabled Edge Trimming works fine, but if I add another plant to the Scatterer it crashes again. Adding all plants except Majoran (with Trimming enabled) works fine ... and adding Majoran with no Edge Trimming to the whole pack also works.
Sooo - lot of trial and error later: I'll have a look if it is enough if Majoran has no Edge Trimming enabled or if I remove that plant completely to be sure it doesn't crash later on ...
The mesh itself is quite thin and having the camera that close is nothing special I guess ... but for now I'm satifsfied. Don't know if this is now because of the mesh or if there is something 'buggy' with the Edge Trimming plugin and it would need a proper bug report?
But anyway: Thanks for the help!