Tried the file, nothing wrong here.
I get it now - you mean the stripes? These are total reflections, the edge keeps being reflected internally off and off again until it finally fades.
Chamfer and smoothing - if you set 'Smooth chamfers only' and check 'smooth to adjacent' it will look exactly like the rounded edges version.
Not sure what else to say. If you think Corona does it wrong, try using a different renderer to check against - if it looks the same, it's just how rays work.