http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/09/malcolm_gladwell_s_10_000_hour_rule_for_deliberate_practice_is_wrong_genes.html
10k is both misquoted and wrong anyway (it's roughly 10 years, and you can see people putting out perfect work in months in many cases), but the general theme is correct, you have to primarily work on it yourself.
Rawalanche advice is very good though in light of most popular questions in this forum or CGI at all. People ask completely wrong questions, focusing on final steps and exact choices that are unique to particular scenario only, Less abstract, it means numbers. What 'exact' HDRi did you use ? What 'exact' highlight,white balance... ABC/XYZ.
Because what are you going to do with this knowledge ? Use the same HDRi in completely different project of yours and think it will look identically great ? It's absurd, but very perpetuated.
Learning (through others but not necessary) require to ask the right questions, and that's mostly "why". But even asking others that is not crucial, because you don't have to ask anyone anything to advance or become expert if you can ask them yourself. The best or pioneers simply found it for themselves by lot of good observation, critical thinking and experimenting. People like Marek Denko didn't even had access to forums or peers.
Also, you answered your questions. It's all three together, modelling, materials, lighting. In addition, there is post-production. Each require varied ratio of technical and creative/artistic knowledge. Don't try to be perfect in all at same time. Divide them and start at some. Ask the right questions and try to find answer yourself. For photorealism, it could be for example as:
1)Modelling: What makes models look real ? Look at real-world example at your fingers. Choose one object, and study it. It's about observing and analyzing. The answer could be details, the proper form, chamfers, little imperfections..etc.
2)Materials: What makes them look real ? Again take example in real-life. Study it from angles, against light. How does it behave ? Does plastic and metal behave differently ? What is the texture detail ?
3)Lighting: What makes light look attractive ?
etc.. etc..
It's about deliberate practice. Not just tinkering randomly (but even that has the place of course) for all the time. You have to have state of mind, where you can advance yourself without the help of others, because you can't have that all-the-time, and even if you would, you would only be playing catch-up game. If you want to be best, you need to rely on yourself. Just like all the masters before did.